Filtration is the removal of contaminants from waters to get waters that is fit for normal domestic consumption or for irrigation of fields and also for industrial uses (eg. For use by establishments for food). With the gradual depletion of natural sources of drinking waters (deep waters), is increasingly resorting to surface waters (seas, rivers, lakes and dams) (survival water purification systems).
Quick filters are identical to those lenses; only varies the thickness of material forming the filter bed and the mattress filtering, in order to make faster the speed of filtration, equal to 5-10 m / hour. In this case the filtration is mechanical. For quick filters as a rule are used leach monolayer (single media) consisting of quartz sand (50-80 cm thick) supported by a mattress filter, or a drainage layer, consisting of coarser material (such as gravel) the thickness.
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
Indeed, the presence of substances in suspension, for example, can nullify the effect of final disinfection since such particles may protect microorganisms against the action of disinfectants. In treatment of flocculation will exploit the properties of certain substances, called coagulants, which under certain operating conditions, in form of waters insoluble compounds with electric charge of opposite sign (positive charge) than that of colloids constituents as to eliminate the turbidity (negative charge).
ants: the most used today are the polyelectrolytes. The agitation speed should be neither too low to prevent sedimentation of flakes, or too high to avoid breakage of flake. The slow agitation is achieved by use of mechanical mixers (dynamic system) or by placing a series of baffles in tank (static system).
Filter volume: the filtration takes place by means of a three-dimensional porous matrix said filter bed consisting of discrete materials of small dimensions (eg. Sand); in this case the particles are retained within filter medium. The effectiveness of a filter material depends on certain properties of particles such as size, shape and surface chemistry. The filters lenses are the first filtration system used in filtration, but they are currently little used. The slow filtration can be used in case of turbidity 10 ppm.
The waters containing sediments that can create several problems during the cycle of filtration. This law is valid for strictly spherical particles immersed in a liquid at rest and at constant temperature where the downward motion is not influenced neither by the presence of other particles or from the container walls.
The sedimentation is carried out in special tanks, called decanters, within which the waters moves in a laminar flow as possible for a time sufficient to allow the sedimentation of heavier particles. Decanters flow or vertical upward flow are generally circular section. Inse tanks the entrance of waters can be centrally from above; in this case waters, to be able to escape from the tank itself is forced along a tortuous path; in fact must first move vertically downwards in order to pass beneath a baffle concentric, said fireplace, subsequently, passed over the obstacle fireplace, must rise and exceed a weir located along the perimeter of tub.
Quick filters are identical to those lenses; only varies the thickness of material forming the filter bed and the mattress filtering, in order to make faster the speed of filtration, equal to 5-10 m / hour. In this case the filtration is mechanical. For quick filters as a rule are used leach monolayer (single media) consisting of quartz sand (50-80 cm thick) supported by a mattress filter, or a drainage layer, consisting of coarser material (such as gravel) the thickness.
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
Indeed, the presence of substances in suspension, for example, can nullify the effect of final disinfection since such particles may protect microorganisms against the action of disinfectants. In treatment of flocculation will exploit the properties of certain substances, called coagulants, which under certain operating conditions, in form of waters insoluble compounds with electric charge of opposite sign (positive charge) than that of colloids constituents as to eliminate the turbidity (negative charge).
ants: the most used today are the polyelectrolytes. The agitation speed should be neither too low to prevent sedimentation of flakes, or too high to avoid breakage of flake. The slow agitation is achieved by use of mechanical mixers (dynamic system) or by placing a series of baffles in tank (static system).
Filter volume: the filtration takes place by means of a three-dimensional porous matrix said filter bed consisting of discrete materials of small dimensions (eg. Sand); in this case the particles are retained within filter medium. The effectiveness of a filter material depends on certain properties of particles such as size, shape and surface chemistry. The filters lenses are the first filtration system used in filtration, but they are currently little used. The slow filtration can be used in case of turbidity 10 ppm.
The waters containing sediments that can create several problems during the cycle of filtration. This law is valid for strictly spherical particles immersed in a liquid at rest and at constant temperature where the downward motion is not influenced neither by the presence of other particles or from the container walls.
The sedimentation is carried out in special tanks, called decanters, within which the waters moves in a laminar flow as possible for a time sufficient to allow the sedimentation of heavier particles. Decanters flow or vertical upward flow are generally circular section. Inse tanks the entrance of waters can be centrally from above; in this case waters, to be able to escape from the tank itself is forced along a tortuous path; in fact must first move vertically downwards in order to pass beneath a baffle concentric, said fireplace, subsequently, passed over the obstacle fireplace, must rise and exceed a weir located along the perimeter of tub.
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